The murders of five prostitutes in London's Whitechapel district in 1888, attributed to the serial killer known as Jack the Ripper, form the greatest unsolved mystery in true-crime annals. Certainly no case--not Lizzie Borden, not the Black Dahlia, not even the John F. Kennedy assassination--has been the subject of such intense speculation over such a long period. The usual Ripper book follows a familiar pattern: recount the basic facts of the crimes, put forth your suspect (preferably a shocking and outrageous one), lay out the evidence against him or her, counter or gloss over (or failing that, ignore) the evidence that militates against your choice, and maybe spend a few pages debunking other writers' suspects. Robin Odell, who advanced his own theory in Jack the Ripper, in Fact and Fiction (1965), takes a different and generally more useful approach, presenting a chronological history of Ripper theories, from those advanced at the time to 21st-century treatments.
While early speculations tended to be fanciful and loosely researched, more rigorous scholarship and "higher standards of proof" are expected of serious latter-day Ripperologists. Odell regards Donald McCormick's The Identity of Jack the Ripper (1959; revised 1970) as "a watershed between old and new values," and credits Tom Cullen's Autumn of Terror (1965) with "a refreshingly objective approach to the subject."
Odell's book is a superb job--efficiently organized, engagingly written, an intelligent summary of the major theories that serves both advanced buffs and newcomers to the case. Along the way, the evidence against all the familiar suspects--Montague John Druitt, the Duke of Clarence, J.K. Stephen, Dr. Gull, various Russians and Freemasons--is even-handedly presented and evaluated.
Jack the Ripper has often been fictionalized, sometimes as the quarry of his London contemporary Sherlock Holmes, but Odell sticks to accounts that at least claim to be factual. The only novels mentioned even in passing are Marie Belloc Lowndes' The Lodger and Colin Wilson's Ritual in the Dark. Still, a fair number of crime fiction writers have advanced opinions on the case in one forum or another, including Sir Basil Thomson (also a high-ranking British police official), M.J. Trow, Michael Harrison, Nigel Morland, Leonard Gribble, and most recently Patricia Cornwell, who in Portrait of a Killer: Jack the Ripper Case Closed (2002) staked her reputation on proving painter Walter Sickert was the Ripper and lost. (Even Jean Overton Fuller, who fingered the painter a dozen years earlier in the 1990 volume Sickert and the Ripper Crimes finds little common ground with Cornwell.) The only mystery writer mentioned as a suspect, albeit one of the farthest off the wall, is Conan Doyle.
Updated editions of this useful reference will be necessary to keep up with new theories, such as one advanced in Euan MacPherson's 2005 book The Trial of Jack the Ripper (Mainstream/Trafalgar, $16.95), which makes as persuasive a case as any against a suspect not mentioned by Odell: William Bury, executed in Scotland for the Ripper-like murder of his wife in 1889.